KALIMAT AKTIF & KALIMAT PASIF

ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Active voice is a sentence in which the subject is doing the work. Active voice is more often used in everyday life compared with the passive voice.

Kalimat aktif adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice.

Passive voice is a grammatical construction (grammatical forms) where the subject of the sentence is not to take action, but rather accept the action or follow-up (receiver of action) by another agent (DOER of action) either mentioned or not. In contrast, the active construction, a subject directly related to the verb to act as agents of action. Active voice can be transformed into passive, but only transitive verb (followed by direct object) that can be enforced so. Passive sentences in which the subject of his sentence subject to the work by the object. However, we often find passive voice in newspapers, articles in magazines and scholarly writings. Passive voice is used as the object of active voice is more important information than the subject.

kalimat pasif adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.  Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (diikuti direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian. Kalimat passive dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

Example :

•           Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months

•           Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:

1.         Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice

2.         Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.

3.         Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.

4.         Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).

5.         Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.

6.         Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.

Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:

Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis

1. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.

Example:

•           Active : He meets them everyday.

•           Passive : They are met by him everyday.

•           Active : She waters this plant every two days.

•           Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

2. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were

Example:

•           Active : We watched the Jurasic Park Movie on the cinema yesterday.

•           Passive : The Jurasic Park Movie was watched by us yesterday.

•           Active : She watered this plant this morning

•           Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning

3. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’

Example:

•           Active : He has met them

•           Passive : They have been met by him

•           Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.

•           Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

4. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been

Example:

•           Active : I had informed him the news before he went..

•           Passive : He had been informed the news by me before he went.

•           Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here

•           Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

5. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be

Example:

•           Active : He will meet them tomorrow.

•           Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.

•           Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week

•           Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.

6. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’

Example:

•           Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.

•           Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.

•           Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.

•           Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.

7. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.

Example:

•           Active : He would have met them.

•           Passive : They would have been met by him.

•           Active : She would have watered this plant.

•           Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.

8. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.

Example:

•           Active : He is meeting them now.

•           Passive : They are being met by him now.

•           Active : She is watering this plant now.

•           Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.

9. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.

Example:

•           Active : He was meeting them.

•           Passive : They were being met by him.

•           Active : Kadek was asking me the question yesterday.

•           Passive : I was being asked the question by Kadek.

10. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.

Example:

•           Active : He has been meeting them.

•           Passive : They have been being met by him.

•           Active : She has been watering this plant.

•           Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.

11. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.

Example:

•           Active : I had been being watching the show for 2 hours.

•           Passive : The show had been being watched by me for 2 hours.

•           Active : We had been waiting for him for 4 hours when he came.

•           Passive : He had been being waited for by us for 4 hours when he came.

12. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.

Example:

•           Active : He will be meeting them.

•           Passive : They will be being met by him.

•           Active : She will be watering this plant.

•           Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.

13. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.

Example:

•           Active : He would be meeting them.

•           Passive : They would be being met by him.

•           Active : She would be watering this plant.

•           Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

14. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.

Example:

•           Active : He will have been meeting them.

•           Passive : They will have been being met by him.

•           Active : She will have been watering this plant.

•           Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.

15. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.

Example:

•           Active : He would be meeting them.

•           Passive : They would be being met by him.

•           Active : She would be watering this plant.

•           Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

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