ACTIVE
VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Active voice is a sentence in which the subject is
doing the work. Active voice is more often used in everyday life compared with
the passive voice.
Kalimat aktif adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan
pekerjaan. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari
dibandingkan dengan passive voice.
Passive voice is a grammatical construction
(grammatical forms) where the subject of the sentence is not to take action,
but rather accept the action or follow-up (receiver of action) by another agent
(DOER of action) either mentioned or not. In contrast, the active construction,
a subject directly related to the verb to act as agents of action. Active voice
can be transformed into passive, but only transitive verb (followed by direct
object) that can be enforced so. Passive sentences in which the subject of his
sentence subject to the work by the object. However, we often find passive
voice in newspapers, articles in magazines and scholarly writings. Passive
voice is used as the object of active voice is more important information than
the subject.
kalimat pasif adalah suatu grammatical construction
(bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan
menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer
of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.
Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan
verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi
menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (diikuti direct object) yang dapat
diberlakukan demikian. Kalimat passive dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan
oleh object kalimat. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di
surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan
ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan
informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Example
:
• Active : We fertilize the soil every
6 months
• Passive: The soil is fertilized by us
every 6 months
Dari
contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:
1. Object dari active voice (the soil)
menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi
object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject
pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice
menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3.
Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang
digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
5. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang
verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak
diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat
progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future
perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak
ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.
Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.
Berdasarkan
keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object +
modifier
Pola
active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
- Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Example:
• Active : He meets them everyday.
• Passive : They are met by him
everyday.
• Active : She waters this plant every
two days.
• Passive : This plant is watered by
her every two days.
- Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Example:
• Active : We watched the Jurasic Park
Movie on the cinema yesterday.
• Passive : The Jurasic Park Movie was
watched by us yesterday.
• Active : She watered this plant this
morning
• Passive : This plant was watered by
her this morning
- Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau
have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Example:
• Active : He has met them
• Passive : They have been met by him
• Active : She has watered this plant
for 5 minutes.
• Passive : This plant has been watered
by her for 5 minutes.
- Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had,
sehingga menjadi had been
Example:
• Active : I had informed him the news
before he went..
• Passive : He had been informed the
news by me before he went.
• Active : She had watered this plant
for 5 minutes when I got here
• Passive : This plant had been watered
by her for 5 minutes when I got here
- Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah be
Example:
• Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
• Passive : They will be met by him
tomorrow.
• Active : The farmers are going to
harvest the crops next week
• Passive : The crops are going to be
harvested by the farmers next week.
- Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have,
sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Example:
• Active : He will have met them before
I get there tomorrow.
• Passive : They will have been met by
him before I get there tomorrow.
• Active : She will have watered this
plant before I get here this afternoon.
• Passive : This plant will have been
watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
- Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka
‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would
have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Example:
•
Active : He would have met them.
• Passive : They would have been met by
him.
• Active : She would have watered this
plant.
• Passive : This plant would have been
watered by her.
- Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka
‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Example:
• Active : He is meeting them now.
• Passive : They are being met by him
now.
• Active : She is watering this plant
now.
• Passive : This plant is being watered
by her now.
- Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.
Example:
• Active : He was meeting them.
• Passive : They were being met by him.
• Active : Kadek was asking me the
question yesterday.
• Passive : I was being asked the
question by Kadek.
- Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka
‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Example:
• Active : He has been meeting them.
• Passive : They have been being met by
him.
• Active : She has been watering this
plant.
• Passive : This plant has been being
watered by her.
- Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense,
maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Example:
• Active : I had been being watching
the show for 2 hours.
• Passive : The show had been being
watched by me for 2 hours.
• Active : We had been waiting for him
for 4 hours when he came.
• Passive : He had been being waited
for by us for 4 hours when he came.
- Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’
passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.
Example:
• Active : He will be meeting them.
• Passive : They will be being met by
him.
• Active : She will be watering this
plant.
• Passive : This plant will be being
watered by her.
- Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka
‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Example:
• Active : He would be meeting them.
• Passive : They would be being met by
him.
• Active : She would be watering this
plant.
• Passive : This plant would be being
watered by her.
- Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense,
maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Example:
• Active : He will have been meeting
them.
• Passive : They will have been being
met by him.
• Active : She will have been watering
this plant.
• Passive : This plant will have been
being watered by her.
- Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense,
maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Example:
• Active : He would be meeting them.
• Passive : They would be being met by
him.
• Active : She would be watering this
plant.
• Passive : This plant would be being
watered by her.
